Yosua 1:1-9
Konteks1:1 After Moses the Lord’s servant died, the Lord said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses’ assistant: 1:2 “Moses my servant is dead. Get ready! 1 Cross the Jordan River! 2 Lead these people into the land which I am ready to hand over to them. 3 1:3 I am handing over to you every place you set foot, as I promised Moses. 4 1:4 Your territory will extend from the wilderness in the south to Lebanon in the north. It will extend all the way to the great River Euphrates in the east (including all of Syria) 5 and all the way to the Mediterranean Sea 6 in the west. 7 1:5 No one will be able to resist you 8 all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you. I will not abandon you or leave you alone. 1:6 Be strong and brave! You must lead these people in the conquest of this land that I solemnly promised their ancestors I would hand over to them. 9 1:7 Make sure you are 10 very strong and brave! Carefully obey 11 all the law my servant Moses charged you to keep! 12 Do not swerve from it to the right or to the left, so that you may be successful 13 in all you do. 14 1:8 This law scroll must not leave your lips! 15 You must memorize it 16 day and night so you can carefully obey 17 all that is written in it. Then you will prosper 18 and be successful. 19 1:9 I repeat, 20 be strong and brave! Don’t be afraid and don’t panic, 21 for I, the Lord your God, am with you in all you do.” 22
Yosua 24:1-33
Konteks24:1 Joshua assembled all the Israelite tribes at Shechem. He summoned Israel’s elders, rulers, judges, and leaders, and they appeared before God. 24:2 Joshua told all the people, “Here is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘In the distant past your ancestors 23 lived beyond the Euphrates River, 24 including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor. They worshiped 25 other gods, 24:3 but I took your father Abraham from beyond the Euphrates 26 and brought him into 27 the entire land of Canaan. I made his descendants numerous; I gave him Isaac, 24:4 and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. To Esau I assigned Mount Seir, 28 while Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt. 24:5 I sent Moses and Aaron, and I struck Egypt down when I intervened in their land. 29 Then I brought you out. 24:6 When I brought your fathers out of Egypt, you arrived at the sea. The Egyptians chased your fathers with chariots and horsemen to the Red Sea. 24:7 Your fathers 30 cried out for help to the Lord; he made the area between you and the Egyptians dark, 31 and then drowned them in the sea. 32 You witnessed with your very own eyes 33 what I did in Egypt. You lived in the wilderness for a long time. 34 24:8 Then I brought you to the land of the Amorites who lived east of the Jordan. They fought with you, but I handed them over to you; you conquered 35 their land and I destroyed them from before you. 24:9 Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, launched an attack 36 against Israel. He summoned 37 Balaam son of Beor to call down judgment 38 on you. 24:10 I refused to respond to Balaam; he kept 39 prophesying good things about 40 you, and I rescued you from his power. 41 24:11 You crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. 42 The leaders 43 of Jericho, as well as the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, fought with you, but I handed them over to you. 24:12 I sent terror 44 ahead of you to drive out before you the two 45 Amorite kings. I gave you the victory; it was not by your swords or bows. 46 24:13 I gave you a land in 47 which you had not worked hard; you took up residence in cities you did not build and you are eating the produce of 48 vineyards and olive groves you did not plant.’
24:14 Now 49 obey 50 the Lord and worship 51 him with integrity and loyalty. Put aside the gods your ancestors 52 worshiped 53 beyond the Euphrates 54 and in Egypt and worship 55 the Lord. 24:15 If you have no desire 56 to worship 57 the Lord, choose today whom you will worship, 58 whether it be the gods whom your ancestors 59 worshiped 60 beyond the Euphrates, 61 or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. But I and my family 62 will worship 63 the Lord!”
24:16 The people responded, “Far be it from us to abandon the Lord so we can 64 worship 65 other gods! 24:17 For the Lord our God took us and our fathers out of slavery 66 in the land of Egypt 67 and performed these awesome miracles 68 before our very eyes. He continually protected us as we traveled and when we passed through nations. 69 24:18 The Lord drove out from before us all the nations, including the Amorites who lived in the land. So we too will worship 70 the Lord, for he is our God!”
24:19 Joshua warned 71 the people, “You will not keep worshiping 72 the Lord, for 73 he is a holy God. 74 He is a jealous God who will not forgive 75 your rebellion or your sins. 24:20 If 76 you abandon the Lord and worship 77 foreign gods, he will turn against you; 78 he will bring disaster on you and destroy you, 79 though he once treated you well.” 80
24:21 The people said to Joshua, “No! We really will 81 worship 82 the Lord!” 24:22 Joshua said to the people, “Do you agree to be witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen to worship the Lord?” 83 They replied, “We are witnesses!” 84 24:23 Joshua said, 85 “Now put aside the foreign gods that are among you and submit to 86 the Lord God of Israel.”
24:24 The people said to Joshua, “We will worship 87 the Lord our God and obey him.” 88
24:25 That day Joshua drew up an agreement 89 for the people, and he established rules and regulations 90 for them in Shechem. 24:26 Joshua wrote these words in the Law Scroll of God. He then took a large stone and set it up there under the oak tree near the Lord’s shrine. 24:27 Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness against you, for it has heard everything the Lord said to us. 91 It will be a witness against you if 92 you deny your God.” 24:28 When Joshua dismissed the people, they went to their allotted portions of land. 93
24:29 After all this 94 Joshua son of Nun, the Lord’s servant, died at the age of one hundred ten. 24:30 They buried him in his allotted territory 95 in Timnath Serah in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash. 24:31 Israel worshiped 96 the Lord throughout Joshua’s lifetime and as long as the elderly men who outlived him remained alive. 97 These men had experienced firsthand everything the Lord had done for Israel. 98
24:32 The bones of Joseph, which the Israelites had brought up from Egypt, were buried at Shechem in the part of the field that Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for one hundred pieces of money. 99 So it became the inheritance of the tribe of Joseph. 100
24:33 Eleazar son of Aaron died, and they buried him in Gibeah in the hill country of Ephraim, where his son Phinehas had been assigned land. 101
[1:2] 2 tn Heb “this Jordan”; the word “River” has been supplied in the translation for clarity (likewise in v. 11).
[1:2] 3 tc Heb “Cross over this Jordan, you and all these people, to the land that I am giving to them, to the children of Israel.” The final phrase, “to the children of Israel,” is probably a later scribal addition specifying the identity of “these people/them.”
[1:3] 4 tn Heb “Every place on which the sole of your foot walks, to you I have given it, as I said to Moses.” The second person pronouns in vv. 3-4 are plural, indicating that all the people are addressed here. The verbal form נְתַתִּיו (nÿtattiv, “I have given it”) is probably a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action. Another option is to translate, “I have already assigned it.” In this case the verb would probably refer to the
[1:4] 5 tn Heb “all the land of the Hittites.” The expression “the land of the Hittites” does not refer to Anatolia (modern Turkey), where the ancient Hittite kingdom of the second millennium
[1:4] 6 tn Heb “the Great Sea,” the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
[1:4] 7 tn Heb “From the wilderness and this Lebanon even to the great river, the River Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, even to the great sea [at] the place where the sun sets, your territory will be.”
[1:5] 8 tn Heb “A man will not stand before you.” The second person pronouns in this verse are singular, indicating Joshua is the addressee.
[1:6] 9 tn Heb “For you will cause these people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give to them.” The pronoun “them” at the end of the verse refers to either the people or to the fathers.
[1:7] 11 tn Heb “so you can be careful to do.” The use of the infinitive לִשְׁמֹר (lishmor, “to keep”) after the imperatives suggests that strength and bravery will be necessary for obedience. Another option is to take the form לִשְׁמֹר as a vocative lamed (ל) with imperative (see Isa 38:20 for an example of this construction), which could be translated, “Indeed, be careful!”
[1:7] 12 tn Heb “commanded you.”
[1:7] 13 tn Heb “be wise,” but the word can mean “be successful” by metonymy.
[1:7] 14 tn Heb “in all which you go.”
[1:8] sn This law scroll must not leave your lips. The ancient practice of reading aloud to oneself as an aid to memorization is in view here.
[1:8] 16 tn Heb “read it in undertones,” or “recite it quietly” (see HALOT 1:237).
[1:8] 17 tn Heb “be careful to do.”
[1:8] 18 tn Heb “you will make your way prosperous.”
[1:8] 19 tn Heb “and be wise,” but the word can mean “be successful” by metonymy.
[1:9] 20 tn Heb “Have I not commanded you?” The rhetorical question emphasizes the importance of the following command by reminding the listener that it is being repeated.
[1:9] 21 tn Or perhaps, “don’t get discouraged!”
[1:9] 22 tn Heb “in all which you go.”
[24:2] 23 tn Heb “your fathers.”
[24:2] 24 tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[24:3] 26 tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[24:4] 28 tn Heb “I gave to Esau Mount Seir to possess it.”
[24:5] 29 tn Heb “by that which I did in its midst.”
[24:7] 30 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the fathers) has been specified in the translation for clarity (see the previous verse).
[24:7] 31 tn Or “put darkness between you and the Egyptians.”
[24:7] 32 tn Heb “and he brought over them the sea and covered them.”
[24:7] 33 tn Heb “your eyes saw.”
[24:8] 35 tn Or “took possession of.”
[24:9] 36 tn Heb “arose and fought.”
[24:9] 37 tn Heb “sent and called.”
[24:10] 39 tn The infinitive absolute follows the finite verb in the Hebrew text and indicates continuation or repetition of the action. Balaam pronounced several oracles of blessing over Israel (see Num 23-24).
[24:10] 40 tn Heb “blessing.” Balaam’s “blessings” were actually prophecies of how God would prosper Israel.
[24:11] 42 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[24:11] 43 tn Or perhaps, “citizens.”
[24:12] 44 tn Traditionally, “the hornet” (so KJV, NKJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) but the precise meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain (cf. NEB “panic”).
[24:12] 45 tn The LXX has “twelve,” apparently understanding this as a reference to Amorite kings west of the Jordan (see Josh 5:1, rather than the trans-Jordanian Amorite kings Sihon and Og (see Josh 2:10; 9:10).
[24:12] 46 tn Heb “and it drove them out from before you, the two kings of the Amorites, not by your sword and not by your bow.” The words “I gave you the victory” are supplied for clarification.
[24:13] 47 tn Or perhaps, “for.”
[24:13] 48 tn The words “the produce of” are supplied for clarification.
[24:14] 49 sn Joshua quotes the
[24:14] 52 tn Heb “your fathers.”
[24:14] 54 tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.
[24:15] 56 tn Heb “if it is bad in your eyes.”
[24:15] 58 tn Or “will serve.”
[24:15] 59 tn Heb “your fathers.”
[24:15] 61 tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.
[24:15] 63 tn Or “will serve.”
[24:17] 66 tn Heb “of the house of slavery.”
[24:17] 67 tn Heb “for the
[24:17] 68 tn Or “great signs.”
[24:17] 69 tn Heb “and he guarded us in all the way in which we walked and among all the peoples through whose midst we passed.”
[24:18] 70 tn Or “will serve.”
[24:19] 72 tn Heb “you are not able to serve.”
[24:19] 73 sn For an excellent discussion of Joshua’s logical argument here, see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 274-75.
[24:19] 74 tn In the Hebrew text both the divine name (אֱלֹהִים, ’elohim) and the adjective (קְדֹשִׁים, qÿdoshim, “holy”) are plural. Normally the divine name, when referring to the one true God, takes singular modifiers, but this is a rare exception where the adjective agrees grammatically with the honorific plural noun. See GKC §124.i and IBHS 122.
[24:19] 75 tn Heb “lift up” or “take away.”
[24:19] sn This assertion obviously needs qualification, for the OT elsewhere affirms that God does forgive. Joshua is referring to the persistent national rebellion against the Mosaic covenant that eventually cause God to decree unconditionally the nation’s exile.
[24:20] 78 tn The words “against you” are added for clarification.
[24:20] 79 tn Heb “bring you to an end.”
[24:20] 80 tn Heb “after he did good for you.”
[24:21] 81 tn The translation assumes that כִּי (ki) is emphatic. Another option is to take it as explanatory, “No, for we will….”
[24:21] 82 tn Or “will serve.”
[24:22] 83 tn Heb “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen for yourselves the
[24:22] 84 sn Like witnesses in a court of law, Israel’s solemn vow to worship the Lord will testify against them in the divine court if the nation ever violates its commitment.
[24:23] 85 tn The words “Joshua said” are supplied for clarification.
[24:23] 86 tn Heb “bend your heart toward.” The term לֵבָב (levav, “heart”) probably here refers to the people’s volition or will.
[24:24] 87 tn Or “will serve.”
[24:24] 88 tn Heb “and listen to his voice.”
[24:25] 89 tn Heb “cut a covenant.”
[24:25] 90 tn Heb “a statute and a judgment.”
[24:27] 91 tn Heb “all the words of the
[24:27] 92 tn Or “lest,” “so that you might not.”
[24:28] 93 tn Heb “And Joshua sent the people away, each to his inheritance.”
[24:29] 94 tn Heb “after these things.”
[24:30] 95 tn Heb “in the territory of his inheritance.”
[24:31] 97 tn Heb “all the days of Joshua and all the days of the elders who outlived him.”
[24:31] 98 tn Heb “who knew all the work of the
[24:32] 99 tn Heb “one hundred qesitahs.” The Hebrew word קְשִׂיטָה (qesitah) is generally understood to refer to a unit of money, but the value and/or weight is unknown. The word occurs only here and in Gen 33:19 and Job 42:11.
[24:32] 100 tn Heb “and they became for the sons of Joseph an inheritance.” One might think “bones” is the subject of the verb “they became,” but the verb is masculine, while “bones” is feminine. The translation follows the emendation suggested in the BHS note, which appeals to the Syriac and Vulgate for support. The emended reading understands “the part (of the field)” as the subject of the verb “became.” The emended verb is feminine singular; this agrees with “the part” (of the field), which is feminine in Hebrew.
[24:33] 101 tn Heb “in Gibeah of Phinehas, his son, which had been given to him in the hill country of Ephraim.”
